Lauritz Melchior - 1942-43 Performances

The lighter side of the great tenor Lauritz Melchior (1890-1973) has been featured here on several occasions (see below). Today we hear from him in the métier that made him famous - opera - along with a selection of songs, primarily from his homeland, Denmark.

These materials come from a pristine 1972 LP reissue kindly supplied to the blog by my friend Matthew Tepper and transferred by me.

The material primarily derives from 1942 studio sessions for Columbia, with the addition of a few live recordings from Buenos Aires in 1943. Much of this material has not been otherwise reissued, including most or all of the non-Wagnerian items.

Wagner Arias

Melchior was famed as the greatest Wagnerian tenor of the 20th century. The two selections on this album make it clear why that was so. His entrance in the Prayer from Rienzi is startlingly powerful; not so much for its volume but for the clarity and impact of Melchior's voice. The second piece is just as strong - "Lohengrin's Arrival."

Astrid Varnay and Herbert Janssen

Reviewing this reissue in Stereo Review, George Jellinek wrote, "The Lohengrin scene (released here for the first time) omits the chorus and presents Astrid Varnay below her best form and Herbert Janssen in the uncomfortable low tessitura of the King, but Melchior’s contribution is strong and finely sustained."

1943 ad

Varnay (1918-2006) was a Swedish-born American soprano. Janssen (1895-1962) was a German baritone. Both were distinguished figures, as was the conductor, the young Erich Leinsdorf (1912-93), then at the Metropolitan Opera and soon to become the music director of the Cleveland Orchestra.

Verdi's Otello

Melchior was primarily known for his Wagner performances, but he also was a notable proponent of Verdi's Otello.

The four performances on this disk are from two sources: the 1942 Leinsdorf sessions in New York with a recording orchestra, and live 1943 performances with the Orchestra of the Teatro Colón led by Juan Emilio Martini. Although the cover notes are at pains to manage expectations about the sound from Argentina, it isn't bad at all. (The studio recordings, from New York's Liederkranz Hall, are all excellent.)

Erich Leinsdorf

Jellinek's comments: "The four Otello excerpts document the firm command Melchior had of a role he was prevented from performing by backstage maneuverings at the Met, and Janssen gives a better account of himself as Iago."

Schubert Songs

The LP's second side is devoted to songs recorded in 1942 with accompanist Ignace Strasfogel, a Polish émigré who also was a conductor and composer. 

Ignace Strasfogel

Melchior's selections were Schubert's Dem Unendlichen and Ständchen, K889. Jellinek: "The Melchior sound is ideal for the majestic Schubert hymn Dem Unendlichen; the tempo he chose for Ständchen is curiously fast yet not ineffective."

Danish Songs

The critics dismissed the songs from Melchior's homeland as "not particularly memorable," although "pleasant" and "amiable". (I can't imagine what they thought of Two Sisters from Boston.) The LP's notes apologetically mentioned that the tenor had insisted on recording these numbers. Columbia does not even give the composer's full names.

The first two songs are by Peter Heise (1830-79) - Lille Karen and Vildt Flyver Hog (Hawks Fly over Land and Sea). Columbia identifies the first as a folk song, but I believe this is the Heise setting.

The following two are by composer-critic Sophus Andersen (1859-1923): Der flyver så mange fugle (So many birds are flying) and Nu brister i alle de kløfter (Spring is coming).

Peter Heise, Peter Lange-Müller, Sophus Andersen

Finally, three songs by composer-pianist Peter Lange-Müller (1850-1926): Kornmodsglansen ved Midnatstid (generally translated as Summer Lightning, although the literal translation is "The grain countershines at midnight"); Skin ud, du klare Solskin (Bright Sunshine, literally "Shine on, you good Sunshine"); and the serenade Renaissance.

Columbia provided no texts nor translations, so I have cobbled together the same for the songs that I could find, even resorting to Google Translate for a few. Otherwise, the download includes the usual scans, reviews and photos, plus a 1972 interview with Melchior.

LINK

The Lighter Side of Melchior

The "lighter side of Melchior" recordings I mentioned above have just been remastered, and a new album added.

The new item is an album of songs from Melchior's first film, Thrill of a Romance from 1945, in which the Heldentenor is transformed into a gigantic Danish Cupid bringing together famed aquatic thespian Esther Williams with war-hero Van Johnson. The tenor takes on everything from Schubert to Victor Herbert to a pop song. Thrill of a Romance also starred the Tommy Dorsey band, so as bonus items I've added three commercial recordings of their songs from the film.

Melchior's follow-up was the 1946 film Two Sisters from Boston. I transferred the Victor album of songs from that movie more than a decade ago, and have now improved the sound and processed it in ambient stereo. As I wrote then, the film "plunders Liszt and Mendelssohn to concoct noisy cod arias that Melchior attacks with some enthusiasm." This time, the bonus is Jimmy Durante's songs from the film - no Liszt of Mendelssohn and quite a contrast to Melchior. (Jimmy's arias are offered separately in a recent post on my singles blog.)

Also newly redone is Melchior's recording of Romberg's famous operetta The Student Prince with Jane Wilson and Lee Sweetland. This 10-inch album comes from 1951. The orchestrations are by Victor Young, who also conducted the ensemble.

Dobrowen Conducts Haydn, Borodin and Wagner; Also, Six Ambient Stereo Remasters

Here is a second serving of music conducted by Issay Dobrowen (1891-1953). This is a follow-up to a recent post of works by Russian composers. Today we broaden the focus to include the music of Haydn and Wagner, along with Borodin. All recordings are with the Philharmonia Orchestra.

Also new today - six more remasters of classical recordings in ambient stereo. But first, the Dobrowen discs.

Haydn - Symphony No. 104 (London)

Dobrowen's 1946 recording of Haydn's Symphony No. 104 may be the only symphony he recorded from the classical era that was released. He did set down Beethoven's fifth symphony the day before this Haydn work, but that performance remains unissued. He also accompanied Artur Schnabel in two Beethoven concertos.

The Haydn is well played by the then-new Philharmonia, which had just begin recording a year before. (Its first date was led by Walter Susskind, the second by Constant Lambert.) Dobrowen's performance is not particularly romanticized, as was common practice earlier in the century. He makes the minuet of the third movement rather like a peasant dance, in keeping with the theme of the finale, which is derived from a Croatian folk song, and the first movement, which has folk-like elements.

The sound (from Abbey Road Studio No. 1, as with all these recordings) is quite good, its impact enhanced by ambient stereo processing.

Borodin - Prince Igor, Overture and Polovtsi March

Haydn's symphony, his last, dates from 1794. Almost a century later we are in a different sound world with music from Borodin's opera Prince Igor, premiered after the composer's death in 1890. The excerpts here begin with the overture, which in actuality was composed by Glazunov making use of themes from the opera.

The Polovtsian music, too, required the assistance of another composer, in this case Rimsky-Korsakov, who orchestrated it. Here we have the March. It is often coupled with the Polovtsian Dances;  Dobrowen did record the Dances, but I don't have a transfer of that set. The conductor's other Prince Igor selections are vividly characterized, in keeping with the Russian romantic music contained in the first Dobrowen collection.

The Borodin recordings date from 1949 and again benefit from good sound. You can hear another take on the music via Walter Susskind's 1952 recording.

Wagner - Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg - Prelude to Act I

Wagner began working on Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg in 1868, which is about when Borodin started on Prince Igor. It became Wagner's only comic opera; also the longest opera in the standard repertoire.

Perhaps recognizing the lighter nature of the proceedings, Dobrowen takes swift tempos throughout his 1947 recording of the Prelude to Act I. This music is often given a much more weighty performance (which it can well stand). The light treatment is accentuated by the recording, which in this RCA Victor LP transfer had very little bass. That aspect of the recording is not helpful in this music, which has important lower brass lines. I rebalanced the sound to alleviate this problem, with some success.

Quite a few posts featuring the vintage Philharmonia Orchestra have appeared here lately. It's natural and perhaps unfortunate to write about symphonic performances as if they were the work of one person, the conductor, instead of 100 professionals. So let me just mention that the recordings of this period are graced by the presence of the Philharmonia's then-famous wind principals, depicted below. (The photo is circa 1950.)

Sidney Sutcliffe, oboe, Gareth Morris, flute, Dennis Brain, horn, Cecil James, bassoon, Harold Jackson, trumpet, Frederick Thurston, clarinet

The catalog of Dobrowen's recordings is relatively slim. EMI had pegged him as an accompanist, and he was adept at handing those assignments. He assisted such artists as Ginette Neveu, Bronislaw Huberman, Solomon, Boris Christoff, Kirsten Flagstad as well as Schnabel. Otherwise, he may have been seen as a specialist in Russian music. That said, his earliest recordings, dating from 1929, were of Grieg, Dvořák and Sinding.

The recordings in this post were sourced from my collection and needle-drops on Internet Archive. Coming up is Dobrowen's recording of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1, in a splendid performance, again with Solomon, with whom the conductor had an evident rapport.

Ambient Stereo Remasters

As before, the links below take you to the original posts. Download links are near or at the end of the comments. We start off with three M-G-M classics from the 1950s, by request.

Lenore Engdahl Plays Griffes. The late pianist Lenore Engdahl did not make many records, but this one is a gem, consisting entirely of piano music by the American impressionist Charles Tomlinson Griffes. This excellent recording dates from 1955.

Music by Paul Bowles and Peggy Glanville-Hicks. Paul Bowles was equally well known as a writer and composer. Here we have two of his best works, along with Peggy Glanville-Hicks' Letters from Morocco, based on Bowles' correspondence to her.

Copland and Weill Suites; Contemporary American Piano Music. Arthur Winograd conducts Copland's Music for Movies and a Weill suite of his own devising. Also, pianist Andor Foldes turns up with contemporary (c1940s) music by American composers.

Swanson - Short Symphony, Diamond - Rounds. Two of the best and best-regarded works by their composers on this vintage American Recording Society release - Howard Swanson's Short Symphony and David Diamond's Rounds. Dean Dixon and Walter Hendl conduct.

Solomon Plays Bliss and Liszt. Another in the series devoted to pianist Solomon. The first recording of Arthur Bliss' bravura Piano Concerto, along with Liszt's Hungarian Fantasia. Sir Adrian Boult and Walter Susskind lead the orchestras.

Boult Conducts Vaughan Williams' A Pastoral Symphony. This Vaughan Williams symphony may be his greatest, and there is no better recording than this one, led by Sir Adrian Boult in 1953. Excellent sound.

Kletzki Conducts Wagner and Brahms

Here is a return to the work of conductor Paul Kletzki, who has appeared on this blog only once before, with the Israel Philharmonic in Mendelssohn's Third Symphony. Today we explore his work in more depth, with these two 1950s recordings of Wagner and Brahms, both with the Philharmonia Orchestra.

Kletzki (1900-73) worked quite a bit with the Philharmonia in the 1950s, making recordings for EMI, the source of today's two LPs. Born in Poland, he made his early career in Berlin, primarily as a composer, before moving on with the ascension of the Nazis, first to Italy, then to Switzerland, where he became a citizen. During this time he became known for his conducting. His initial recordings were in Berlin in 1932. He began his association with EMI in 1946. Later on he became the director of the Dallas Symphony and the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.

Wagner - Music from Tannhäuser and Tristan und Isolde

These Wagner recordings, dating from June 1953, were made in London's Kingsway Hall. Although mono, the sound is quite good. [Note (October 2023): the sound has now been refurbished in ambient stereo.]

Kletzki programmed the Overture and Venusberg Music from Tannhäuser along with the Prelude and Liebestod from Tristan und Isolde, two glorious pieces of music that Kletzki handles beautifully.

Andrew Porter in The Gramophone was laudatory: "[Kletzki] is astonishingly versatile and does extraordinarily well whatever he turns his hand to." However, he also thought that in the Prelude and Liebestod there wasn't sufficient ecstasy, a verdict shared by the American Record Guide's Peter Hugh Reed. The latter added, though, "Those who like their Wagner played with less emotional stress will do well to investigate this excellently recorded disc with its evidence of musical care and veracity."

Ad in The Gramophone, February 1954 (click to enlarge)

Wagner - Siegfried Idyll, Träume; Brahms - Haydn Variations

The two Wagner pieces in this program are a contrast to the previous pair in that they were written for chamber forces, not the full orchestra of Tannhäuser and Tristan. However, it's possible that Kletzki has expanded the scoring for this recording. 

The Siegfried Idyll was a present to the composer's wife Cosima upon the birth of their son Siegfried. It is tender and loving music, handsomely done here. The critic Paul Affelder wrote, "Kletzki is not a showy conductor. He allows the music to sing, to emerge frankly and naturally, and in so doing serves it best."

The second Wagner item on this program is connected to both Tristan and, in a way, to the Siegfried Idyll. It is an orchestral transcription of Träume, the last of the five Wesendonck Lieder, settings of poems by Mathilde Wesendonck. The composer originally wrote them for voice and piano, and later added a version with chamber orchestra. The arrangement without voice was done to serenade Wesendonck outside her window, as Wagner was later to do for his wife with the Siegfried Idyll.

Paul Kletzki

The composer was working on Tristan at the same time as the lieder, and the music of Träume is related to Tristan. In the recorded arrangement, the vocal part is given to violin, here played by Hugh Bean, the concertmaster of the Philharmonia.

It has been speculated that Wagner and Wesendonck were lovers (she was the wife of his patron Otto Wesendonck). Brahms' Haydn Variations were related to his own love for Clara Schumann, the wife of Robert Schumann, and it too was probably not conceived as an orchestral work. Brahms wrote it for performance by Clara and him, but also transcribed it into the orchestral guise in which it is usually heard today.

The given name of the work is the Variations on a Theme of Haydn, but it sometimes called the St. Antoni Variations because it was based on a melody called the "St. Antoni Chorale" found in one of Haydn's wind partitas. Today the theme is thought probably to have been written by one of Haydn's students.

These recordings date from August and September 1958 and are in excellent stereo. The Siegfried Idyll is a remake of a mono recording that Kletzki did for EMI in 1947.

A Wagner Concert from Pittsburgh and Reiner

My recent post of a Brahms concerto with Rudolf Serkin, the Pittsburgh Symphony and Fritz Reiner sent me looking through my files for other early Reiner recordings. The first one that came to hand was this "Wagner concert" from the first years of the conductor's tenure in the then-Steel City.

As sometimes happens, my friend Bryan of The Shellackophile blog had the simultaneous idea of posting the same set, and did so yesterday. I would urge you to go there to take advantage of Bryan's efforts, for several reasons: he does a great job on his transfers; he worked from the 78 set while I worked from the LP; he includes the very good graphics from the 78 album, which appear to be by Alex Steinweiss; and his download includes the Venusberg music, not included here.

Reiner caricature by
Olga Koussevitzky

Here are the LP contents and dates (all recordings were made in the Syria Mosque):

Die Meistersinger - Prelude (January 9, 1941)
Siegfried - Forest Murmurs (January 9, 1941)
Lohengrin - Prelude from Act 1 (November 15, 1941)
Lohengrin - Prelude from Act 3 (January 9, 1941)
Die Walküre - Ride of the Valkyries (February 25, 1940)

Similar to the Brahms, these excerpts display fine control, balance and orchestral discipline, if little glamour, delivered in boxy sound.

Reiner's later work in Chicago has been much discussed; I'll be posting a few more examples of what he was able to accomplish in Pittsburgh. If you want to learn more about the conductor, here's a good article with some familiar anecdotes and a few I hadn't heard before.

Music for Easter with Stokowski

I was casting about looking for records to present for Easter, and had hit upon a Robert Shaw set to transfer - forgetting that it is missing one of the records. But I also had this RCA Camden LP of "Music for Easter" at hand, so that's our selection for today.

For some reason, during the first part of the 1950s, RCA used pseudonyms for the orchestras featured on the budget Camden label. Here we have the "Warwick Symphony Orchestra", which actually is the Philadelphia Orchestra in famous old recordings led by Leopold Stokowski.

How does he make his hair do that?

Stoki was a very popular personality when these records were made. He not only appeared in a famous cartoon himself (Fantasia) but was well known enough to have been caricatured in another cartoon by Bugs Bunny. I have to admit that for this and other reasons, I am one of the snobs who have a hard time taking him seriously. Many people do, of course, and I yield to them for purposes of this post. (And, of course, who am I to make judgments, considering some of the silly stuff I have offered here.)

The cover says "Music for Easter" and comes complete with a Gothic cathedral facade, but this is not music you will hear in church. Instead we have the Act I Prelude and "Good Friday Spell" from Act III of Wagner's Parsifal, together with Rimsky-Korsakov's Russian Easter Overture.

The sound here is quite good (although there is a bit of noise on my pressing), especially when you consider that the Rimsky goes back as far as January 1929. The Parsifal excerpts are from November 1936, when Stokowski was beginning his withdrawal from Philadelphia.