They All Sang Merle Travis

1956 Billboard ad

The charismatic country musician Merle Travis (1917-83) was a remarkably influential guitarist and a talented singer, but today's post will explore his gifts as a songwriter. We'll look at 26 recordings by other country musicians as well as such disparate performers as Lawrence Welk and Mickey Katz, and add a few that include Travis but were not issued under his name.

Early Life and Career

It's hard to discuss Merle Travis without citing his background, which colored some of his most famous songs. He was born and raised in coal-mining country, Muhlenberg County, Tennessee, and learned to play guitar from local musicians who included Ike Everly, father of Phil and Don.

By the time he was 20, he was playing with well-known country fiddler Clayton McMichen, and soon moved to become a staff musician at Cincinnati's WLW radio. His first recordings were in 1943 with fellow WLW staffer Grandpa Jones. They called themselves the "Sheppard Brothers" to sidestep their employer's prohibition on recording. Their "You'll Be Lonesome Too" and "The Steppin' Out Kind" (not included in this collection) comprised the first 78 ever issued by Syd Nathan's King Records.

1944-45 Recordings

It wasn't long before Travis was making a name for himself both as musician and songwriter. By 1944, he had moved to California and soon was in the studios with Capitol artist Wesley Tuttle. Together they wrote our first selection, "It May Be Too Late." The song is a standard bluegrass style yearning-for-the-old-folks-at-home number. It is a Travis record in all but name; he is the lead singer and guitarist on the recording. In just a few years Travis would record at Capitol under his own name.

From about the same time came the Travis-Tuttle "I Know It's Wrong," another standard country lament, with Tuttle singing and Travis' excellent picking.

Tex Atchison (upper left), Merle Travis (lower left), Cliffie Stone (right). Guitarist Red Murrell also recorded with Travis.

With the third side, we encounter one of Merle's most characteristic and famous songs, "Cincinnati Lou." Travis was to have a hit with the song under his own name for Capitol in 1946, but this 1945 version is by "Tin Ear Tanner and His Back Room Boys" for the small Bel-Tone label. Again, Travis sings and plays on the record, although it's not clear if he or fiddler Tex Atchison answered to "Tin Ear Tanner." The Back Room Boys included longtime Travis associate Cliffie Stone on bass.

1946 Recordings

Judy Canova

Travis really began to rise with his Capitol contract. His first session there, in March 1946, produced not only "Cincinnati Lou" but "No Vacancy," co-written with Cliffie Stone. It, too, was a hit and among the cover records was a version by ex-vaudeville personality Judy Canova, who was then popular in films. She cut it for the small ARA label (which unbeknownst to her and other ARA artists was a Soviet-front operation).

But Travis' biggest hit in 1946 was "Divorce Me C.O.D." from a July session. By that time the major labels were getting interested, and Decca had their popular novelty act the Hoosier Hot Shots do a version. The material was suited to their style and the results are convincing.

In August 1946, Capitol had Travis record an album of Folk Songs of the Hills, from which came several of Merle's most famous songs - "Sixteen Tons," "Dark as a Dungeon" and others. Among them was "That's All," here in a late 1946 rendition for 4-Star by "T" Texas Tyler, longtime country star.

1947-49 Recordings

In early 1947, Merle had another big success with "So Round, So Firm, So Fully-Packed," here in a cover version by one of the biggest names in country music, Ernest Tubb. In the lyrics, Travis wove in several takeoffs on current advertising slogans. The title is a Lucky Strike cigarettes catch phrase. Other products referenced in the song are Sunkist oranges, Camel cigarettes, Packard automobiles and Pepsi-Cola.

"Weary Lonesome Me" is another standard country lament that Travis had recorded during in his first Capitol session. It was unissued then, but his old associate Grandpa Jones picked it up and recorded it in 1947 for King. Among those playing on the record are Nashville session musicians Henry Haynes and Kenneth Burns, who soon would become known as musical satirists Homer and Jethro. I believe the guitarist is Hank Garland.

Deuce Spriggins and His Band (Deuce is to the right of the accordionist)

The biggest country hit of 1947 was "Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)," written by Travis and Tex Williams. Among the musicians playing on Tex's superb, fast-paced recording were bassist Deuce Spriggins, who ventured into the studio a few months later to record his own version for Coast (which spelled his name "Spriggens"). It's not at all a bad record, although Deuce did not possess Tex's superb timing or resonant voice.

"Smoke" was such a big country hit that even someone like bandleader Lawrence Welk got interested, enlisting Bob "Tex" Cromer for the date. Cromer did have a country background, and recorded a few numbers with Spade Cooley later on. This record is not as limp as you might suspect, but posed no threat to Tex Williams or even Deuce Spriggins.

Travis recorded his distasteful "I Like My Chicken Fryin' Size" for Capitol in July 1947. The big country star Johnny Bond was in Columbia's studios a few weeks later for a cover version, suggesting again that recording companies and leading artists were paying close attention to Travis. Later that same year, Bond and Columbia put out Merle's ballad "A Petal from a Faded Rose."

Wade Ray in 1919

Wade Ray had been in vaudeville as a young child. By 1949, he had become a versatile country artist, singing and playing all the instruments on "Cuddlebug." I had to check the label twice to make sure this was a Travis song. It's catchy and accomplished, but old-timey, a song that could have been written back when Ray was a boy fiddler.

Recordings of the 1950s

Grandpa Jones

Grandpa Jones returned in 1950 with "Dark as a Dungeon," one of Travis' best and most famous songs, which originally appeared in the Folk Songs from the Hills album. Jones does it full justice in a most affecting bluegrass recording. (For some reason, King attributed the song to Jones.)

In late 1950, Tex Williams took Travis' "Don't Make Love to Mary (With Mabel on Your Mind)" into the studio, with hopes of repeating the success of "Smoke! Smoke! Smoke!" This brilliant novelty is just as good as "Smoke," although not as profitable. "Don't slip and call her Ginger / If her name is Clementine" is the advice here.

Tex Williams

Lindy Doherty was a pop singer on Capitol's rolls for a short time. He did a good job in 1950 with "Sweet Temptation," a bid for crossover success with lush backing from Sid Feller. Travis had recorded the song back in 1946.

Roberta Lee was a former band singer who began a recording and a night club career in the late 40s. In 1952, she did a sardonic and highly effective version of Travis' "Common Folks." It's a lesser known but very worthwhile example of Merle's talking-blues style.

Ramblin' Jimmie Dolan

"Ramblin' Jimmie Dolan" (Lee Roy Pettit) is best remembered for his 1951 hit "Hot Rod Race" (a cover for Capitol of Arkie Shibley's Gilt-Edge original). He is commanding on 1953's "The Wheel That Does the Squeakin'." This driving honky-tonk side boasted Capitol's best sidemen, including Jimmy Bryant, Billy Strange, Speedy West, Red Murrell, Muddy Berry and Billy Liebert. Another exceptionally clever song.

Molly Bee

From about the same time is "What'll He Do?" from the 14-year-old Molly Bee, who had scored with her 1952 version of "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus." Bee was a talented youngster who often was on American television in the 1950s.

Travis' own bid for Christmas immortality was 1953's "Freddie, The Little Fir Tree," yet another anthropomorphic tale in the mode of "Frosty the Snowman." I think it's creepy, and it did not become one of Gene Autry's most famous holiday records. Ned Fairchild was the co-author.

"Steel Guitar Rag" was a famous Bob Wills instrumental written by Leon McAuliffe of the Wills band (although it was based on earlier songs). Travis and frequent collaborator Cliffie Stone added words and recorded it in 1947. The Dinning Sisters, a country version of the Andrews Sisters, revived it for Decca in 1953. Decca arranger Jack Pleis' work is unidiomatic; he probably was not used to having a steel guitar in his studio. The words are fine, but this is not a song that was crying out for lyrics (or the Dinnings, for that matter).

Eddy Arnold, RCA Victor's country superstar, was in rare form with "Bayou Baby (A Cajun Lullaby)," a lovely song, one of Travis' best. This superb record was an early 1956 release.

Travis' most popular composition is probably the surreal coal-mining song "Sixteen Tons," one of the numbers in his 1946 Folk Songs of the Hills. It wasn't until 1955 that the song it became a huge hit, in Tennessee Ernie Ford's compelling version (a favorite of mine when I was six). This Ford record elicited some unlikely cover versions, including one by the talented pop singer Johnny Desmond, who does surprisingly well in the face of Dick Jacobs' unsympathetic arrangement.

Mickey Katz and his 16 tons of salami

Tennessee Ernie's record was so pervasive that it invited parodies, including a Mickey Katz deconstruction. Instead of sixteen tons of No. 9 coal, Katz loads sixteen tons of hard salami in the delicatessen to which he owes his neshamah. It's incredible, as are many of Katz' records. This may be the only Travis record with a klezmer-style break.

As country morphed into rockabilly in the mid-50s, a popular example of the genre was Sanford Clark's "The Fool" of early 1956. Later that year he covered "Nine Pound Hammer," which had appeared in the Folk Songs of the Hills album. The song is so associated with Travis that it is usually ascribed to him (as it is here), although it's a traditional number and was identified as such in the original album. Clark's pounding rockabilly reading is probably not what Travis had in mind, although it's compelling in its own way (in fact, it's better than "The Fool"). Guitarist Al Casey discovered Clark and plays the stinging solo on this record.

As a measure both of the distance music had come in a decade and of Travis' greatness as an artist, we end this collection with Merle's own 1946 recording of "Nine Pound Hammer," which shows how his inimitable narrative and superb vocal and guitar playing made the song his own.

All these recordings come from the vast reaches of the Internet Archive, as cleaned up by me. The sound is generally excellent.

Travis Himself on Film and Video

YouTube has these examples of Merle performing songs in this collection:

Nine Pound Hammer

Sixteen Tons

Sweet Temptation

Dark as a Dungeon

1956 Billboard ad

20 Christmas Tunes from Vintage 78s

My record record-transferring paraphernalia has had a bad case of the troubles for some weeks now. The main turntable isn't tracking properly and is having some speed issues. My usual analog-to-digital converter has been flaky. And even my audio drivers are acting up, resetting themselves to mono repeatedly for no good reason.

While these problems get sorted out, I've been plunging into the limitless depths of the Internet Archive in search of items to bring to you. Today I am kicking off the Christmas sharing season with a selection of 20 holiday tunes taken from vintage 78s, as extensively remastered and repitched by me. The sound on all these is very good, with the one exception noted.

The selections date from 1945 to 1957, when 78s were being phased out. (I am just old enough to have purchased quite a few new 78s myself - I've been a record collector as long as I can remember.) I've selected familiar items in versions you may not heard and unfamiliar songs, sprinkling R&B, jazz and country selections among the pop platters, plus a polka!

The earliest item in our collection is from orchestra leader Mark Warnow and vocalist Dick Todd, the "Canadian Crosby." Both were mainstays of radio's Your Hit Parade in 1945. As far as I know, "All Around the Xmas Tree" was only recorded by them.

Next we have one of the innumerable jazz takes on "Jingle Bells." This specimen comes from a 1946 single helmed by veteran pianist Frank Signorelli, who was in the Original Memphis Five way back in 1917, and later in the ODJB. He's best known for writing "I'll Never Be the Same."

Also in 1946, Johnny Mercer and the Pied Pipers had a success with "Winter Wonderland." Capitol had a habit of reissuing this number during subsequent holiday seasons. This pressing is from 1950.

Steel guitar virtuoso Leon McAuliffe made his name with Bob Wills' band during the 1930s. In 1947, he recorded "A Cowboy's Christmas Song" for Majestic, with a vocal by Gene Autry sound-alike Jimmy Hall.

Another little known song, "A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year," comes from 1948 and the tonsils of Crosbyite John Laurenz, who recorded for Mercury, Pan-American and Jubilee during his career. If there are any Bowery Boys fans out there, you may be interested to know that Laurenz dubbed Huntz Hall's vocals in the great Blues Busters, in which Satch becomes the world's most unlikely romantic crooner.

Also in 1948, country artist Doye O'Dell became the first to record "Blue Christmas." It wasn't a hit then, but the following year, Ernest Tubb did well with it, as did Hugo Winterhalter with the pop version in today's collection.

"Baby, It's Cold Outside" has endured so many awful recordings since it debuted in 1949 (in Neptune's Daughter), that it's refreshing to encounter one that throws away the coy aspect of the song in favor of a more straightforward approach. That's what you get from Pearl Bailey as the knowing female who is all too willing to be ensnared by the raspy wolfishness of Hot Lips Page, a trumpeter by trade. Their version came out on Columbia's budget label, Harmony, which Pearlie Mae manages to name-check during the proceedings.

Poor Hot Lips Page didn't even rate a mention in this ad

Frankie Yankovic, the most popular polka artist of the time, came up with "Christmas Polka" in 1949. As with many of Frankie's records, the chorus is nothing exciting, but the break is a wonder to behold. Yankovic also recorded a "Merry Christmas Polka" in 1950, but I believe the bigger hit version was by the Andrews Sisters.

Al Hibbler taped "White Christmas" for Decca later in the 50s, but today's version is an earlier one he did with the Ellingtonians for Mercer Ellington's label right at mid-century. The Ellingtonians were a side group from Duke's band led by Johnny Hodges, Harry Carney and Billy Strayhorn. Duke himself even showed up on one of their record dates. There is some overloading on the peaks here, which I have tried to moderate. This was caused by the transfer being done at too high a level, a no-no in digital recording.

Nineteen fifty also was the year for "Silver Bells," from Bob Hope's epic The Lemon Drop Kid. The hit versions were by Bing Crosby and Carol Richards for Decca and Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely for Capitol. Here we have Mercury's entry in this race, performed by Richard Hayes and Kitty Kallen.

Our final work from 1950 is the first of three tunes set down by the great Billy Eckstine for M-G-M - another version of "Blue Christmas." Skipping ahead slightly to 1953, we have Eckstine's two-sided holiday effort for the year, the unfamiliar "Christmas Eve" and the all-too-familiar "What Are You Doing New Year's Eve." The label says the conductor here is Lionel Newman. My ears say the arranger on "What Are You Doing" is Nelson Riddle.

M-G-M's holiday lineup for 1953

From 1952 or 1953, we have a "White Christmas" from the combination of adenoidal crooner Jack Russell and the Honey Dreamers, a vocal group that has appeared on this blog before. Russell was unknown to me, although he does appear on some Peter Pan children's records, as do the Honey Dreamers.

We move to Nashville and 1954 for an Ernest Tubb side called "Lonely Christmas Eve," with strong backing by some talented studio vets, including Owen Bradley on piano and Billy Byrd on guitar.

Also from 1954, jump blues artist Oscar McLollie joins us for a two-sided entry on Modern, the boisterous "Dig That Crazy Santa Claus" and the lugubrious "God Gave Us Christmas." As with many of McLollie's efforts, these are Leon René productions.

Johnny Desmond, who has been featured here a few times, offers up "Happy Holidays to You," which comes from 1955. This is the flip of "Santo Natale," which I vaguely recall sharing here before.

To close things off, we have two earnest efforts from Big Maybelle, "Silent Night" and "White Christmas," on Savoy. Maybelle started out as the less colorfully named Mabel Smith, band singer for Tiny Bradshaw. Okeh records bestowed the fancier name on her when she joined its roster. This single comes from 1957, when the 78 era was drawing to a close.

Please enjoy these tunes, and the entire festive season! More soon, if my recording apparatus cooperates.