American Music with Foldes and Winograd

Today's subject - as it often is around here - is mid-century American music. The sources are two albums that are not often seen. The first is an anthology of piano works by eight composers performed by an artist whom I did not associate with this repertoire - Andor Foldes. The second is the first recording of Aaron Copland's Music for Movies, coupled with a suite derived from three of Kurt Weill's American musicals, as conducted by Arthur Winograd on one of his many M-G-M LPs.

Andor Foldes Plays Contemporary American Music

I was surprised to discover this 1947 album of Andor Foldes (1913-92) playing American piano music. I associate his name with the music of his teacher Bartók and other stalwarts of the European canon. He was, however, a naturalized American citizen, having emigrated here in the 1930s, remaining until he returned to Europe in 1960 for professional reasons.

Foldes' 1941 debut in New York was devoted to Bach-Busoni, Beethoven, Schumann, Liszt, Bartók and Kodaly, but by the time of his 1947 Town Hall program, he had added works by the Roy Harris, Virgil Thomson and Paul Bowles to the mix, likely the items on this Vox album.

In addition to the three Americans, the Vox collection includes short works by Aaron Copland, Samuel Barber, Roger Sessions, Walter Piston and William Schuman. These were among the first recordings of these compositions.

The album was also among the first from the now-venerable American Vox label. (There had been a German Vox earlier in the century.) The US company started up in 1945, and made this recording the following year, per A Classical Discography. The resulting set apparently did not come out until 1947, when it was reviewed late in the year both in the New York Times and Saturday Review. Both brief notices are in the download, along with reviews of Foldes' 1941 and 1947 recitals.

Andor Foldes

The album reviews were good; the recital notices were mixed. Foldes was praised for his accuracy, but at least in 1941, the recital reviewer found his sound hard and his playing loud. By 1947, this had moderated into the notion that his secco tone was well suited to the contemporary repertoire, borne out by these recordings.

Copland - Music for Movies; Weill - Music for the Stage

Conductor Arthur Winograd (1920-2010), once the cellist of the Juilliard String Quartet, made any number of recordings for the M-G-M label in the 1950s, when it was active in the classical realm. Quite a good conductor, Winograd these days is remembered primarily for his long tenure as the head of the Hartford Symphony Orchestra.

This particular recording dates from 1956 and was made with the "M-G-M Chamber Orchestra," probably a New York studio group. The LP combines two appealing scores, one prepared by the composer, the second by other hands following the composer's death.

Aaron Copland's Music for Movies, which comes from 1942, assembles themes he wrote for The City, Of Mice and Men and Our Town. The best - and best known - are "New England Countryside" from The City and "Grovers Corners" from Our Town. I believe this was the first recording of this suite in orchestral form, although "Grovers Corners" had been recorded on piano twice - including by Andor Foldes in the album above, under the name "Story of Our Town." The other recording, by Leo Smit, is available on this blog in a remastered version. It is from a 1946-47 Concert Hall Society album Smit shared with Copland himself.

Arthur Winograd at work

Kurt Weill's Music for the Stage was arranged for this recording by M-G-M recording director Edward Cole and composer Marga Richter, whose own music has appeared here. The arrangers followed Weill's own procedure, utilized in Kleine Dreigroschenmusik, of employing the theater arrangements while substituting a solo instrument for any vocal lines. It works seamlessly for this suite assembled from lesser-known (to me, anyway) items from Johnny Johnson (three pieces), Lost in the Stars and Lady in the Dark (one each).

Contemporary reviewer Alfred Frankenstein pronounced the Copland suite to be effective and the Weill "trash," strange considering that the latter composer influenced the former. Reviewers were more to the point back then, and held (or at least expressed) stronger opinions.

Frankenstein also opined that the "recording and performance are of the best." I can agree with the latter judgment, but the recording is another matter. It was close and harsh, so I have added a small amount of reverberation to moderate those qualities. [Note (July 2023): these files have now been remastered in ambient stereo.]

By the way, Winograd had almost no conducting experience when he began recording for M-G-M. Edward Cole had turned up at a Juilliard concert that Winograd conducted, was impressed, and offered him a recording session. This anecdote is contained in an interview with the conductor included in the download. Also on this blog, Winograd can be heard conducting music by Paul Bowles.

Both these recordings were cleaned up from lossless needle drops found on Internet Archive.

LINK

Ives and Sessions with Patricia Travers

When Patricia Travers died several years ago, her obituary in the New York Times melodramatically termed her the "violinist who vanished."

But Travers herself did not disappear, rather she abandoned a career that had recently transitioned from child prodigy to an uncertain future as an adult soloist.

As the Times relates, "In her early 20s, for the Columbia label, she made the first complete recording of Charles Ives’s Sonata No.2 for Violin and Piano, a modern American work requiring a mature musical intelligence. Not long afterward, she disappeared."

Patricia Travers

This is the recording that the newspaper mentions. It and the Sessions Duo for Violin and Piano were taped in April 1950, but she was in fact active for at least a few years thereafter. In June 1952 Columbia had her record another modern American work, Norman Dello Joio's Variations and Capriccio, with the composer at the piano.

On the evidence of this LP, Travers was certainly up to the task of rendering the first recorded performance of Ives's characteristic sonata and Sessions's knotty Duo. Composer Arthur Berger wrote in the Saturday Review that she gives the music "the kind of treatment the big names reserve for the 

standard classics. The Sessions work, which I had always regarded as an over-restless, tense piece, is invested with just the right amount of repose - revealing intrinsic beauties I had only vaguely suspected it of having. The Ives, by contrast, which has been played in a rambling fashion, ruminating over the hymn-tune and the country-dance, takes on remarkable shape in her reading."

These works were perhaps a relief after the showpieces that typically are allotted to the child virtuoso. Perhaps remarkably, perhaps not considering what shows up on YouTube, you can see the 20-year-old Travers perform a bit of the Carmen Fantasy in a 1948 German newsreel.

Travers never did explain her "disappearance." It is left for us to speculate, and I will only note my own opinion that no one should be induced to give up their childhood and adolescence to public performance and scrutiny, which can deplete the resources of even the most well-adjusted adult.

Her cohort on this 10-inch LP is the well-known accompanist Otto Herz. The sound is excellent. This is Travers's only recording, save for the Dello Joio.

Note (November 2024): this has now been remastered in ambient stereo. The download includes complete scans and contemporary reviews.

LINK to Ives and Sessions

Mitropoulos Conducts Sessions

The music of American composer Roger Sessions has a reputation for being forbidding. To me, it is not that it is "difficult" so much as it makes no attempt to be "easy" in the way that Randall Thompson's own Second Symphony does.

Sessions in 1948

This exceptional performance provides perhaps the best window onto Sessions' sound world. In it, Dimitri Mitropoulos and New York's Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra sound entirely at one with the music. It is a very serious work, written from 1944-46 and dedicated to the memory of Franklin D. Roosevelt. But paradoxically the performance also communicates a constant spirit of delight because of its extraordinary sympathy.

The excellent sonics, too, convey a sense of a real performance. The simple miking helps to provide an integrated sound to the orchestra - so different from the synthetic approach that has been the norm for many years. The symphony was recorded in Columbia's 30th Street studios in January 1950.

The liner notes below provide a good introduction to Sessions and this music. The only negative to this issue is the completely inappropriate front cover art.